Global warming refers to the gradual increase in the Earth's average surface temperature, primarily caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases -- such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) -- trap heat from the sun, creating a "greenhouse effect" that warms the planet. This warming is largely driven by human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas in factories, vehicles, and power plants.
Industrial processes and transportation are among the main contributors to global warming. Cars, trucks, aeroplanes, and ships burn fuels that emit large amounts of CO2. Methane is released from agricultural practices, such as livestock digestion and rice cultivation, while nitrous oxide comes from fertilisers and waste management systems. Deforestation further worsens the problem, as trees absorb CO2, and when they are cut down, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere.
The consequences of global warming are severe and far-reaching. Melting polar ice caps and glaciers cause rising sea levels, threatening coastal communities with flooding. Weather patterns become more extreme and unpredictable, leading to more frequent and intense storms, droughts, and floods. These changes disrupt ecosystems and biodiversity, threatening the survival of many species.
Human health is also affected. Increased heat can cause heat strokes and worsen respiratory conditions. Climate change can expand the range of insect-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. Food and water security are jeopardised as agricultural productivity declines in drought- or flood-prone regions.
To combat global warming, immediate and sustained action is required. Planting more trees helps absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. Transitioning to clean and renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower reduces reliance on fossil fuels. Improving energy efficiency in homes, industries, and transportation can make a significant difference. Sustainable agricultural practices, waste reduction, and public awareness about environmental conservation are also crucial.
In conclusion, global warming is a critical challenge that affects every aspect of life on Earth. By understanding its causes and committing to sustainable practices, we can work together to protect our planet for future generations.